The Rule of Justinian in Byzantine Crystallized New Forms of Thought and Art That Are Byzantine
 | Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire |
The Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was some other name for the surviving eastern half of the Roman Empire. Every bit you read in a previous chapter, the weaker western half of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome, brutal to barbarian invaders. What was left of the Roman Empire was ruled by the emperor in Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire survived for another 1,000 years, finally falling to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
The city of Constantinople, built on a peninsula surrounded past three bodies of water: the Bosphorus, Body of water of Marmara, and the Golden Horn. Notice the atomic number 26 concatenation, called a boom, beyond the Aureate Horn, it prevented enemy ships from sailing into that area.
Although the people of the Byzantine Empire considered themselves Roman, the East was influenced by Greek culture, rather than the Latin of the West. People spoke Greek and wore Greek-styled clothing. The emperors and empresses wore cute silk and imperial-dyed vesture, with expensive slippers. The Byzantine Empire was influenced past the Hellenistic culture created by the conquests of Alexander the Great. Learning and merchandise thrived in the Byzantine Empire. As y'all read in a previous chapter, Emperor Constantine concluded the persecution of Christians, and Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official country religion of the Roman Empire. Christianity had a major influence on the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine art featured beautiful mosaics of Christian themes.
Mosaics are fabricated from pieces of glass or rock and glued together. The are most commonly found on the floor or ceiling.
Emperor Justinian
One famous Byzantine Emperor was Justinian I. Justinian ruled from Advert 527 to 565. Justinian created a prepare of laws called the Justinian Code. This code said that the emperor made all of the laws and interpreted the laws as well. The Justinian Lawmaking was police force throughout the empire. Many of our modern laws tin exist traced back to the Justinian Lawmaking.
Justinian had a goal of re-uniting the Roman Empire. He sent out armies to boxing the barbarians who had taken control in the West. Justinian's Roman armies were very successful, taking dorsum parts of Africa and most of Italy.
On these 2 maps, yous can see the conquests of the Byzantine armies during the reign of Emperor Justinian. Belisarius was the commander who led these armies in an attempt to win dorsum the old Western Roman Empire.
The war endeavour to accept back the western role of the empire forced Justinian to raise taxes on the people of the Byzantine Empire. The Roman citizens were aroused with Justinian about the loftier taxes for the state of war try, and he was becoming unpopular. Fifty-fifty more unpopular was Empress Theodora, Justinian's wife, considering she was originally a circus performer and came from the lower form of Romans. "Who was this woman, who had such command over the decisions of her husband?" They idea to themselves. Not one to take a back seat to her husband, Theodora proposed laws that protected the rights of women in the empire.
The Byzantines, like the quondam Romans in the W, enjoyed chariot races at the hippodrome, a large oval stadium designed for races. Like our modern sports, the Byzantines had teams they supported. The Byzantine chariot teams were named after colors: The Dejection, Reds, Greens, and Whites. After a race, riots would, at times, break out in the stands and overflow into streets, as the fans got into arguments. During Justinian'south reign, the Dejection and Greens were the dominant teams.
Afterwards a item riot, a fan of the Dejection and a fan of the Greens were arrested. Justinian, noticing how unhappy people were with him, decided to gratuitous these two people and concord a chariot race on Jan 13, 532. During the race, fans got out of command, and started to shout insults at the emperor. Rather than cheering for their teams, fans of both the Greens and Blues shouted Nika, meaning win or conquer. Next, the fans stormed Justinian's luxury box, which was connected to his palace grounds. Justinian fled to the palace as the Nika Riot spilled out into the streets. The palace was under siege as most of the city, including the church called the Hagia Sophia (Church of Holy Wisdom), was destroyed.
A prisoner in his own palace, Justinian decided to board a ship and sail away from Constantinople, stepping down as emperor, just saving his life. Equally he started to get out, he looked behind him to find his married woman, Theodora, stubbornly refusing. "I would rather dice an empress, than live on the run, and besides, purple makes a wonderful burial veil," she said. Seeing his wife'southward courage, Justinian decided to stay. The anarchism was controlled, and Justinian connected to rule the Byzantine Empire.
Empress Theodora refused to get out Constantinople in the wake of the Nika Anarchism.
Justinian fix out to rebuild the city after the the Nika Riots. Justinian rebuilt the Hagia Sophia, which, after the rebuilding, had the largest dome in the world. The building is notwithstanding standing today, although it is now a mosque, since the conquering Ottoman Turks were Muslim.
The Hagia Sophia, rebuilt, with its grand dome, past Justinian, whom y'all can run across with Theodora in the insert.
(Here is the tune of the vocal "Norwegian Forest," the lyrics describe the life of Empress Theodora. Amy Burvall, and Herb Mahelona, are 2 teachers from Hawaii who create short videos to help their students call up highlights of history topics.)
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The type of Christianity practiced in Byzantium was called Eastern Orthodox. Eastern Orthodox Christianity is withal practiced today. The caput of the Eastern Orthodox Church is called the Patriarch of Constantinople. There were also men called bishops in the major cities of the Empire. In the Byzantine Empire, emperors had power over the church, because they selected the patriarch. Even though Eastern Orthodox and Roman Cosmic are both Christian, they had arguments and even battles confronting each other. The pope, the spiritual leader in Rome and the Catholics in the W, and the patriarch of Constantinople did non e'er concord.
The Byzantine emperor was never totally safe. Unlike the barbaric kingdoms of the west, where the throne was passed from father to son, there was never a clear line of succession in the East. This was called the "Malady of the Royal," considering any one with power could seize the throne in the Byzantine Empire. In that location were always plots to overthrow the emperor and much political intrigue in Constantinople, even among family unit and relatives.
In 672 the Byzantines rolled out a new weapon called Greek Fire. This fire was thrown at the enemy and could not be extinguished, not even by water. The person who is given credit for the invention of Greek Burn is Kallinikos, a Syrian living in the Byzantine Empire. Greek Fire was used confronting the attacking Muslim fleets. The formula for Greek Burn was a underground, and perhaps fifty-fifty the emperors did non know its ingredients. Greek burn was thrown in glass containers and propelled by a pump. Greek Fire has been lost to history, and no one is absolutely sure how to arrive today. Greek Fire helped to salvage the Byzantine Empire and Christianity for several hundred years. Constantinople finally vicious to the cannons of the Turks in 1453. The walls of Constantinople fell down, just the culture and ideas of the Byzantine Empire moved to the Christian West, creating a new interest in classic Greek and Roman ideas, called the Renaissance.
Greek Fire, sometimes chosen Roman Fire, is being thrown at enemy ships in this Heart Ages manuscript.
In the next chapter we volition read nigh Islam and its founder Muhammad, a religion and empire that came in conflict with the Byzantines in the E and the barbarian kingdoms in the Westward.
- The Byzantine Empire Read Aloud (WMA half-dozen.67 MB)
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- Byzantine Java Games
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